Apparatus for shaping metal receptacles.



No. 70|,549. Patented lune s, |902. M. L. DEI-zama. APPARATUS FORSHAPING METAL RECEPT.ACLES.

(Application/ filed mm. 11. 1902.) (N o M o d el.)

2vSheets-Sheet I.

nonms MYERS co, PNo'roLlYHo.. WASHINGTON. u. c.

'No. 70l,549. Patented lune 3, i90-2.

M. L. DEERING.

APPARATUS FR SHAPINGMETAL BECEPTAGLES. (Applieation med Jan. 11, i902.)

(no Model.) v 2 sorleefksheet 2.

, .lo N3 E Q m I l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MARK L. DEERING, NEV YORK, N. Y., 4ASSIGNOR TO STANDARD OIL COMPANY, OFBAYONNE, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

APPARATUS FOR SHAPING METAL RECEPTACLES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Lettersrlatent No. l701,549, dated J' une3, 1902.

Application lerl January 11, 1902. Serial No. 89,314. (N model.) A

To all whoml it may concern:

Beit known that I, MARK'L. DEERING,a citizen of the UnitedStates,residing at New York,

county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Apparatus for Shaping Metal Receptacles, fullydescribed and representedin thev following speciication and theaccompanying drawings, forming a partei` the same.

This invention relates to certain improve-- ments in an apparatus forshaping hollow articles by fluid-pressure.

It is well known in ytheiart vthat soft-metal articles can beshapedinmolds by employing a mold of the shape which it'l is desiredthat the article shall assume and then forc-v ing the article to assumethel shapeof the mold by subjectingits interior to fluid-pressure. Whilesoft-,metal articles can be shaped in this manner, it is difficult toshape articles composed `of iron or steel in this way, if anyconsiderable deg ree of expansion is necessary,

for the reason that theiron Vor steel varies in inders in a mold whichhas a bilge shape and then causing the cylinders tolexpand by subjectingthem to interior fluid-pressure until the sides of the cylinders were incontact with the bilged sides of the mold. In order, however, to give abarrel a sufficient bilge, it is necessary to give it a considerableincrease in diameter. It has therefore been found impracticable to givemetal "cylinders a bilged shape in the manner. described, because theyIwould burst before fthedesireddegree of bilge was attained, and for thisreason the Vapparatus referred to has not gone into practicalv use.Itis, furthermore, s ometimesdesirable in shaping metal articles toprevent an undue weakening of the same by excessively thinning theamount of mctal'contained Ain' their walls, which might be thecase,'for` in-I stance, should a metal cylinder beint'roduced into amold and expanded tothe shape of the Inthe dr bed or base.

mold without thecylinder;

y The present invention has for one of its objects to produce animproved apparatus for providingifor any shortening of shaping hollowmetal `articles' in'which the shape of the mold may be varied as' theshaping operation proceeds, so' that the metal of which the article'iscomposedfmay not burst during the said'operation', and the mold restoredtoits original form after the shaping operation is completed, so as tobe in conditionfor the next operation.

A further object of the invention isl to produce an improved apparatusfor shaping hollow metal articles by fluid-pressure in which provisionis made for preventing an undue reduction of t-he thickness of metal inthe 'walls of the article due to the expansion thereof.

With these and other objects in view the invention consists in certainconstructions and in certain parts, improvements, and combinations, aswill be hereinafter fully described and then specifically pointed out inthe claims hereunto appended.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part 'of this specification, andin which like characters' of A. reference rindicate the same parts,Figure lrepresents a sectional side elevation of an improved apparatusconstructed in accordance with the invention. Fig. 2 is a plan viewofthe construction shown in Fig. l. Fig. ,3 is a section onthc line 3 3of Fig. 1. Fig; et is a vertical section, the planeof sectionbeingsubstantially at right' angles to the section illustrated in Fig. l.Fig. 5 isa section en the line 5 5 of Fig. 4. v`Fig.,6 is a detailsectional view onthe Vline'dof Fig. 4, and Fig." 7 is a detail sectiontaken on the line 7 of Fig. l." Y Y Y i awings which representa concreteembodiment of the invention, 1 indicates a Secured to thisbase bysuitable pillars 2 or in any other suitable manner is a cross-head 3.The mold in which the metal articles to be shaped are to be introducedmay be varied widely in construction.V As shown, this mold comprises aseries of independent sections 4:, which will preferably be constructedso as to receive a movement in order to vary the shape of the mold. Theconstruction of the sections and the means whereby they are moved inorder to vary the shape of the mold may be varied within wide limits.Preferably, however, and as shown each of the sections will be composedof a plurality of independent parts or blocks, the adjacent ends ofwhich abut. While each section may be made up of any desired number ofsaid parts or blocks,in the construction shown each section is formed oftwo blocks 5 and 6, the adjacent ends of said blocks abutting, asclearly shown in the drawings, and be'ing disconnected from each other.The parts or blocks which form the sections may be supported in anydesired manner. As shown, however, a plurality of supports will be usedfor this purpose, and these supports will be so mounted as to receive arelative movement with respect to each other, so that the moldmaybeopenedand closed. Whileanydesired number of these supports may beused and they may be given any desired configuration,

according to the configuration of the mold employed, in the constructionshown two such supports 7 are employed, which are bilged in form. One ofthese supports 7 is pivoted, by means of a pin 8, to abracket 9,extending inward from one of the pillars, and by means of a pin 10 tothe base 1, the other support being rigidly secured to the bed-plate.

Any suitable means may be employed to lock the supports when the mold isin closed position; but these means should be such as to withstand avery high degree of pressure. In the construction shown each of thesupports is provided with a pair of shoulders 1l, and these shouldersare arranged to be engaged by a pair of socketed levers 12, which, asshown, are pivoted, by means of links 13, to the stationary part of themold. Then the mold is closed, the levers are thrown inward, as shown inFig. 2, the sockets fitting snugly over the shoulders l1.

The supports 7 may be provided with any suitable means for sustainingthe mold-sections. As shown, each of the supports has aninwardly-extending shoulder 14, on which the outer ends of the blocks orparts which form the mold-sections rest. Vhen, as in the present ease,the apparatus is intended for shaping metal barrels, the supports willpreferably be bilged in shape, as shown. The construction being asdescribed, it will be seen that the mold-sections may be caused to moveoutward by moving the blocks or parts until they assume the bilged shapeof the supports which sustain them. Furthermore, when the blocks aredisconnected, as shown, and simply rest upon each other at adjacent endsit willbe seen that this movement will take place in such a way as toshorten the mold from one end. The purpose of this feature ofconstruction will be hereinafter stated.

The means for moving the mold-sections outward may be varied within widelimits.

As shown, however, each of the parts which comprise a mold-section willbe recessed, as indicated at 15, (see Fig. 6,) the recesses of adjacentends of the section being in register. Headed screws 16, having theirheads 17 located in the registering recesses, are provided, said screwsbeing engaged by nuts 18, which are mounted in the supports 7. To thesenuts 1S are secured, by means of keys 19 or in any other suitablemanner, gears 20. The gears 20 are so arranged that when the supportsand the mold-sections which carry them are closed all the gears will bein mesh. The screws 16 are arranged in pairs, the thread of one screw ofeach pair being left-handed and the thread of the other screw of eachpair being righthanded. It follows that by driving one or more of thegears all the screws will be rotated and the mold-sections be advancedor retreated according to the direction of movement given the screws.Any suitable means may be used for driving the gears. As shown, a shortshaft 2l, mounted in suitable bearings 22, is provided for this purpose,said shaft carrying on one of its ends a gear 23, which meshes with oneof the gears 20, this gear being preferably one of those carried by thestationary support. The shaft 2l is provided with the usual fast andloose pulleys 24 25, which may be driven by a belt from any suitablesource'of power.

A suitable abutment is provided, which is located at one end of themold. While this abutment may be of any desired construction, it willpreferably be arranged so that it may be moved in and out to introducethe article to be shaped into and remove it from the mold. Vhile anysuitable construction may be provided forgiving the abutment themovement referred to, as shown, the abutment, which is marked 26, iscarried on a slide 27, mounted to move in ways 28, formed on the bed 1.The under side of the slide 27 is provided with a rack 29, which isengaged by a gear 30, mounted on a short shaft 31, which is suitablysupported in bearings on the under side of the bed. The shaft 31 may berotated in any suitable mannen-as, for instance, by a hand-lever 32. Itwill be seen that by swinging the hand-lever the abutment may be movedinto and out of position and by its use heavy articles may be readilyhandled. The construction shown is peculiarly welladapted to a machinewhich is intended to shape metal barrels, because the barrels may befilled with water or other fluid before they are introduced into themold. Vthen these barrels are filled, they are exceedingly heavy.

As the apparatus will preferably be used a metal cylinder which ismarked 3l, will be introduced into the mold, said cylinder beingprovided with heads 34 and 35, which are secured to the cylinder beforethe same is placed in the mold. One of these heads, as shown the head35, is provided with an opening 36, through which the fluid in thecylinder is subjectedtopressure. Thccylinderisplaced IOO IIO

in position with its head 34 resting against the abutment 26, and asecond head or abut- -mentis preferably provided, which restspacking-ring 4l and 42 being employed to prevent escape of fluid fromthis cylinder. The press-block is forced down, so that its head is incontact with the head of the barrel or other receptacle by means ofliquid-pressure in the chamber and may be withdrawn in any suitablemanner. As shown, it is provided with a stem 43, which extends through asuitable stuffing-box 44 in the top of the cylinder,and is connected,bymeans of a chain 45, to a suitable counterweight 46, said weight beingheavy enough to lift the head when the fluid-pressure is relieved in thechamber. In-

the preferred form of the construction the area of the block which isexposed to pressure in the chamber 40 is preferably considerably greaterthan the area of the'head 38, which bears against the head of the barrelor other receptacle.

Any desired means may be employed to introduce the Huid-pressure intothe receptacle to be shaped. When, as shown, the receptacle is providedwith the orifice 36 in one of its ends, the block will preferably beprovided with an angular orifice 47. The opening in the head will beprovided with a short tube or pipe 48, which extends upward into thevertical part of the orice. Extending into the horizontal part of theorifice is a pipe 49, which couples into a union 50, which connects thispipe 49 and the pipe 4S. The pipe 49 is connected, by means of a union5l, to a valved pipe 52, through which fluid under pressure is ledthrough the pipe before described into the receptacle. It will of coursebe understood that the horizontal part of the recess is of sufficientarea to permit the required movement of the press-block withoutdisturbing the pipes and their connections.

While the pressure which operates upon the liquid in the receptacle andthe pressure which operates upon the liquid in thechamber 40 might bederived from different sources, it will in the preferred form oftheconstruction be derived from the same source. To this end a pipe 53 isprovided, which leads from a pump or any other suitable source ofpressure. (Not shown.) This pipe 53 has a valved branch 54, whichextends into the chamber 40, and another branch 55, which connects withthe valved pipe 52.

The apparatus being as above described, the operation is as follows: Acylinderhavkmold-sections out.

ing its ends secured thereto and preferably filled with Water or anyother suitable uid is placed on the abutment 26, the mold being at thistime open, as indicated in Fig. 5. By operating the hand-lever 32 theabutment is slid into position, and the pivoted support carrying itsmold-section is swung into position and the two supports lockedtogether. The position of the parts assumed at this time is indicated inFig. l. The belt is now thrown onto the fast pulley and the gears 2O arecaused to rotate. tion given the belt and the fast pulley at this timeis preferably such as to cause the screws to move inward, thus bringingthe parts or blocks which compose the mold sections snugly up againstthe cylinder on all sides. When the mold-sections are snugly against thecylinder, the direction of the movement of the belt is reversed and thegears 2O are rotated in opposite directions. This causes the screws tomove outward and to carry the When the mold-sections have been moved outa short distance, the belt is thrown onto the loose pulley and the valvein the pipe 54 is opened, thus causing the block 37 to be forced down bythe fluid in the chamber 40. As soon as the head 38 comes in contactwith the head of the cylinder the valve in the pipe 54 is closed and theconnections are made between the pipe 52 and the pipe 48, which islocated in the spigothole in the head of the barrel. The valves in thepipes 54 and 52 are now opened, and the fluid in the barrel and thefluid in the chamber 40 are subjected to great pressure. This pressureexpands the metallic receptacle out to ,the wall of the mold andsimultan eously therewith, because the pressure area in the chamber 40is greater than the pressure area of the head 38, the block movesinward. This movement of the block occurring as it does simultaneouslywith the expanding operation, causes the cylinder or receptacle toshorten somewhat and supplies a certain amount of metal forthe purposesof expansion. In other words, if the block 37 were not caused to moveinward during the pressing operation the metal of the receptacle wouldsimply be expanded out to the wall of the mold and be thinned inproportion to the extent of this expansion. The inward movement of thehead, however, shortens the receptacle, and this supplies a certainamount of metal which is taken up in the expanding operation, so thatthis operation does not unduly thin the walls of the receptacle. The

inward movement of the head stops when its shoulder 39 strikes againstthe outer ends of the blocks 5, and this is arranged to take place aboutthe time when the walls of the receptacle or barrel have been expanded,so that they meet the walls of the mold. When this occurs, the pressureis slacked od in the chamber 40 and in the receptacle, the belt isthrown onto the tight pulley 25, and the walls of the mold are movedVout a short The direction of rota- IIO distance farther. The operationswhich have just been described are then repeated and the steps ofexpanding and moving out the walls of the mold are carried on insuccession until the barrel or other receptacle has expanded into theshape it is desired to give it.

Vhile in the apparatus shown the expansion of the walls of the moldtakes place during the time when the pressure is released, the inventionis not limited to an apparatus which operates in this manner, as it ispossible to give the walls of the mold a gradual outward movement untilthe receptacle has assumed the shape desired, the expanding operationbeing continued as the walls of the mold move. Vhile, furthermore, itisdeemed advisable in making barrels, for which the apparatus in which theinvention is embodied is designed, to shorten the barrels somewhatduring the expanding operation, and thus supply additional metal forexpansion purposes, it is possible to form barrels and other receptacleswithout subjecting them to this shortening operation. Vhile,furthermore, the apparatus in which the invention has been embodied isparticularly adapted for the purpose for which it is designed, theinvention may be embodied in apparatus which diers widely therefrom.Itis to be understood, therefore, that the invention is not to belimited to lthe details of construction which have been hereinabovedescribed. It will be further understood that certain featul'es of theinvention are capable of use independent of other features, and suchindependent use is contemplated.

The method or process of shaping metal articles hereinbefore disclosedis not claimed in this application, since it forms the subjectmatter ofthe companion application filed at even date herewith and seriallynumbered 89,315.

l. In an apparatus forshaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith suitable fluidpressure-applying means, of a mold having a movablewall, and means whereby the wall of the mold may be moved during theshaping operation in order to enlarge the mold and thereafter returnedto its original position after the shaping operation is completed,substantially as described.

2. In an apparatus foi-shaping hollow metal articles the combinationwith a suitable duidpressure-applying means, of a mold comprising amovable head and wall, means whereby the wall of the mold may be movedduring the shaping operation in order to enlarge the mold and thereafterreturned to its original position after the shaping operation iscompleted, and means for moving the head, substantially as described.

3. In an apparatus forshapinghollow metal articles the combination witha suitable fluidpressure-applying mean s,of a cylindrical mold having amovable wall, and means whereby the wall of thc mold may be moved duringthe shaping operation in order to enlarge the mold and thereafterreturned to its original position after the shaping operation iscompleted, substantially as described.

4. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles the combinationwith a suitable fiuidpressure-applying means,of a cylindrical moldhaving a movable head and wall, means whereby the wall of the mold maybe moved during the shaping operation in order to enlarge the mold andthereafter returned to its original position after the shaping operationis completed, and means for moving the head, substantially as described.

5. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwitha suitable fluidpressure-applying means, of a mold having a wallmade up of movable sections, and means whereby said sections may bemoved during the shaping operation in order to enlarge the mold andtherea fter returned to their original position after the shapingoperation is completed, substantially as described.

G. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith a suitable fluidpressure-applying means, of a mold having a wallmade up of movable sections and a movable head, means whereby saidsections may be moved during the shaping operation in order to enlargethe mold and thereafter returned to their original position after theshaping operation is completed, and means for giving the head an inwardmovement, substantially as described.

7. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith a suitable fiuidpressure applying means, of a cylindrical moldhaving a wall made up of movable sections, and means whereby saidsections may be moved during the shaping operation in order to enlargethe mold and thereafter returned to their original position after theshaping operation is completed, substantially as described.

8. In an apparatus foi-shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith a suitable duidpressure-applying means, of a cylindrical moldhaving a wall made up of movable sections and a movable head, meanswhereby said sections may be moved during the shaping operation in orderto enlarge the mold and thereafter returned to their original positionafter the shaping operation is completed, and means for giving the headan inward movement, substantially as described.

9. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith a suitable fluidpressure-applying means, of amold composed ofmovable sections each section comprising a plurality of parts, and meanswhereby said sections may be moved during the shaping operation in orderto enlarge the mold and thereafter returned to their original positionafter the shaping operation is completed, substantially as described.

l0. In an apparatus 'for shaping hollow metal articles,the combinationwith a suitable IOO IIO

iiuid-pressure-applyin g means,of'a mold composed of movable sectionseach section comprising a plurality of parts, said mold also having amovable head, means whereby said sections may be moved during theshaping operation in order to enlarge the mold and thereafter returnedto their original position after the shaping operation is completed, andmeans for giving the head an inward movement, substantially asdescribed.

11. A mold for use in a fluid-pressure shaping apparatus comprising aplurality ot sections each section being made up of a plurality ofmovable parts, and means for moving the adjacent parts of each sectionsimultaneously to enlarge the mold, substantially as described.

12. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith suitable luid-pressure-applying means, of a mold having a wall madeup of movable sections each section being composed of a plurality ofparts, and means for giving the adjacent parts of each section asimultaneous movement to enlarge the mold, substantially as described.

13. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith suitable luid-pressure-applying means', of a mold having a movablehead and a wall made up of movable sections each section being composedof a plurality of parts, and means for giving the adjacent parts of eachsection a simultaneous movement to enlarge the mold, substantially asdescribed.

14. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith suitable liuid-pressure-applying means, of a mold having a'wallmade up of movable sections, and means for giving a simultaneousmovement to all the sections to enlarge the mold, substantially asdescribed.

15. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles., the combinationwith suitable fluid-pressure-applying means, ot'a mold having a movablehead and a wall made up of movable sections, and means for giving asimultaneous movement to all the sections to enlarge the mold,substantially as described.

16. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles,thecomhinationwith a suitable liuid-pressure-applying means, of a mold said moldhaving a wall composed of a plurality of movable sections each sectionconsisting of a plurality of movable parts, and means. forsimultaneously moving the parts of all lthe sections to enlarge themold, substantially as described.

17.- In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith suitable fluid-pressure-applying means, of a mold having a wallmade up of sections each section comprising a plurality of movableparts, and means for moving said parts to enlarge the mold, said movingmeans being connected to the adjacent parts of each section,substantially as described.

19. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith suitable uid-pressure-applying means, of a mold havv ing a movablehead and a wall made up of sections each section comprising a pluralityof movable parts, and means for moving said parts to enlarge the moldsaid moving means being connected to the adjacent parts of each section,substantially as described.

20. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith a plurality of supports, cfa plurality of movable moldsectionscarried by the su pports,means whereby the supports are permitted tohave a relative movement with respect to each other to open and closethe mold,and means for moving the sections to enlarge the mold as theshaping operation proceeds, substantially as described. Y

2l. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith a plurality of supports, ofaplurality of movable moldsectionscarried by the supports,1neans whereby the supports are permitted tohave a relative movement with respect to each other to open and closethe mold, means for moving IOO the sections t enlarge the mold as theshapf ing operation proceeds, and a movable'head cooperating with themold-sections, substantially as described.

' 22. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith a plurality of su pports, of a plurality of movable moldsectionscarried by the supports,means where- Iby the supports are permitted tohave a relative movement with respect to each other to open and closethe mold, and means carried bythe supports for moving the sections toenlarge the mold as the shaping operation proceeds, substantially asdescribed.

23. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith a plurality of supports, of a plurality of movable moldsectionscarried by the su pports,means whereby the supports are permitted tohave a rela- IIO tive movement with respect to each other to open andclose the mold, means carried by the supports for moving ,the sectionsto enlarge the mold as the shaping operation proceeds,

out of position between the supports when they are opened in order toposition and remove the articles to be shaped, substantiall y asdescribed.

25. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith suitable fiuid-pressure-applying means, of a plurality ot'supports, a plurality of movable mold-sections carried by the supports,means whereby the supports are permitted to have a relative movementtoward and from each other, an abutment arranged to be moved into andout of position between the supports when they are opened in order toposition and remove the articles to be shaped, and a movable headcooperating with the mold-sections, su bstantially as described.

26. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith suitable uidpressure-applying means, of a plurality of supports, aplurality of mold-sections carried by the supports, means for permittinga relative movement of the supports in order to open and close the mold,a series of gears carlied by the supports, means for rotating the gears,and connections between the gears and the mold-sections, substantiallyas described.

27. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith suitable fiuid-pressure-applying means, of a plurality of supports,a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports, means forpermittinga relative movement of the supports in order to open and closethe mold, a movable head cooperating with the mold-sections, a series ofgears carried by the supports, means for rotating the gears, andconnections between the gears and the mold-sections, substantially asdescribed.

28. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combinationwith suitable iluid-pressure-applying means, of a plurality of supports,a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports, means forpermitting a relative movement of the supports in order to open andclose the mold, a movable abutment at one end of the mold-sections, amovable head at the other end of the mold-sections, a

series of gears carried by the supports, means for rotating the gears,and connections between the gears and the mold-sections, substantiallyas described.

29. In an apparatus for shaping metal barrels, the combination withsuitable Huid-pressureapplying means, ot` a mold, and means forincreasing the diameter of the mold at its center in order to give thebarrel a bilged shape and for restoring the mold to its original formafter the shaping operation, substantially as described.

30. In an apparatus for shaping metal barrels, the combination withsuitable duid-pressure-applying means, of a mold, means for increasingthe diameter 0f the mold at its center in order to give the barrel abilged shape, suitable heads or abutments coperating therewith, andmeans for causing one of the heads or abutments to move inward duringthe shaping operation,substantially as described.

31. In a machine` for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with aplurality ofsupports mounted to permit a relative opening and closingmovement, of a plurality of moldsections mounted on the'supports eachsection being composed of a plurality of parts having their adjacentends abutting, means for giving the parts an outward movement at theirline of contact, and means for subjecting the receptacle to an interiorfluid-pressure, substantially as described.

In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with aplurality of supports mounted to permit a relative open and closingmovement, of a plurality of mold-sections mounted on the supports eachsection being composed of a plurality of parts having their adjacentends abutting, means for giving the parts an outward movement at theirline of contact, an abutment for one end of the receptacle, a head forthe other end, means for moving one of these parts during the shapingoperation, and means for subjecting the interior of the receptacle tofluid-pressure, substantially as described.

33. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles,the combination with aplurality of supports mounted to permit an opening and closing movement,of a plurality of mold-sections carried by said supports, each of saidsections comprising a plurality of parts the adjacent ends ot` whichabut, an abutment coperating with the mold-sections at one end, a headcooperating with the mold-sections at the other end, means connected toadjacent parts of each support at their line of contact for moving theparts outward, means for subjecting the interior of the receptacle toduidpressure, and means for moving the head inward as the parts of themold are moved outward, substantially as described.

34. In av machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with aplurality of supports mounted to permit an opening and closing movement,of a plurality of mold-sections carried by said supports, each of saidsections comprising a plurality of parts the adjacent ends of whichabut, aplurality of rotating gears, and connections between the gearsand said parts, substantially as described.

35. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination withaplu rality otsupports mounted to permit an opening and closing movement,ot' a plurality of mold-sections carried by said supports, each ot' saidsections comprising a plurality of parts the adjacent ends of whichabut, a plurality of rotating gears, connections between the gears andsaid parts, a head, and means for moving the head inward as the partsmove outward, substantially as described.

3G. The combination with a plurality of supports mounted to permit auopening and closing movement, of means for locking the sup- IOO IIO

ports in their closed position, a plurality of mold-sections carried bythe supports, an abutment cooperating with the mold-sections at one end,means for moving the mold-sections outward at the center, and means forsubjecting the interior of the receptacle to duid-pressure,substantially as described.

37. The combination with a plurality ot' su pports mounted to permit anopening and closing movement, of means for locking the supports in theirclosed position, a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports,an abutment cooperating with the mold-sections at one end, means formoving the mold-sections outward at the center, means for sul)- jectingthe interior of the receptacle to fluidpressure, a head, and Ineans formoving the head in ward as the parts of themold are moved outward,substantially as described.

3S. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with aplurality of bilged supports, said supports being mounted to have arelative opening and closing movement, of means for .locking thesupports in their closed position, an abutment, a series ofmold-sections carried by the supports, each section being "composedA ofa plurality of parts, means for givingthejparts of said sections anoutward movement, and means for subjecting the interior of thereceptacle to fluidpressure, substantially as described.

39. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with aplurality of bilged supports, said supports being mounted to have arelative openingand closing movenient, of means for locking the supportsin their closed position, an abutment, a series of mold-sections carriedby the supports, each Isection being composed of a plurality of parts,

means forgiving the parts of said sections an outward movement, meansfor subjecting the interior of the receptacle to fluid-pressure, a

head, and means for moving the head inward duri-ng the shapingoperation, substantially as described.

10. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with aplurality of bilged supports, said supports being mounted to have arelative opening and closing movement, of means for locking the supportsin their closed position, an abutment, a series of mold-sections carriedbythe supports, each section being composed ofla plurality of parts,means for giving the sections asimultaneous 4outward movement, and meansfor subjecting the interior of the receptacle to fluid-pressure,substantially as described.

' al. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with aplurality of bilged supports, said supports being mounted to have arelative opening and closing movement, of means for locking the supportsin their closed position, an abutment, a series lof mold-sectionscarried by the supports, each .section being composed of a plurality ofparts, means for giving the sections a simultaneous outward movement,means for subjecting the interior of the receptacle to duid-pressure, ahead, and means for moving the head inward during the shaping Operation,substantially as described.

In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with aplurality of bilged supports mounted to permit an opening and closingmovement, of an abutment, a plurality of mold-sections carried by thesupports, each of said mold-sections consisting of a plurality of parts,means for locking the supports in closed position, a plurality of gears,connections between said'gears and adjacent parts of the sections, meansfor rotating the gears, means for moving the parts of the sections togive the mold a bilged form, and means for producing an interiorfluidpressure, substantially as described.

43. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with aplurality of bilged supports mounted to permit an opening aud closingmovement, of an abutment, a plurality of mold-sections carried by thesupports, each of said mold-sections consistingof a plurality of parts,means for locking the supports in closed position, a plurality of gears,connections between said gears and adjacent parts of the sections, meansfor rotating the gears, means for moving the parts of the sections togive the mold a bilged form, means for producing an interiorfluid-pressure, a head, and means for moving said head inward,substantially as described.

4l. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination withsuitable supports mounted to permit an opening and closing movement, ofa plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports each of thesections comprising a plurality of parts having abutting ends, aplurality of screws the head of each screw being connected to twoadjacent parts of a mold-section at their line of contact, meanscooperating with the screws for causing them to move outward and givethe parts of the mold-sections an outward movement, and means forproducing an interior iuid pressure, substantially as described.

45. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination withsuitable supports mounted to permit an opening and closing movement, ofa plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports each of thesections comprising a plurality of parts having abutting ends, aplurality of screws the heads of each screw being connected to twoadjacent parts of a mold-section at their line of contact, suitable nutscooperating with the screws, a series of rotating gears for operatingthe nuts whereby the screws are caused to move outward and impart amovement to the parts of the'mold-sections, and means for producing aninterior fluid-pressure, substantially as described.

46. The combination with a plurality of bilged supports, mounted topermit a relative opening and closing movement, of means for IOO IIO

connected to said adjacent ends, means including rotating gears andsuitable connections for moving the abutting ends of the parts to givethe mold a bilged form, a head, means for moving the head inward as theparts of the mold are moved outward, and means for producing an interiorfluid-pressure, substantially as described.

47. In a machine for shaping metal rece@` tacles, the combination with amold, of a suitable abutment at one end thereof, means for moving themold outward between its ends, a head for closing the otherend of themold, means for producing an interior fluid-pressure, and means forcausing the head to move inward simultaneously with said pressure,substantially as described.

4S. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with amold comprising a plurality of sections each section being composed of aplurality of abutting parts, of an abutment at one end of the mold,means for moving the parts of the sections outward at their line ofcontact, a head for the other end of the mold, means for producing aninterior fluid-pressure, and means for causing` the head of the mold tomove inward simultaneously with said pressure, substantially asdescribed.

49. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with amold, of a suitable abutment at one end thereof, means for moving themold outward between its ends during the shaping operation and restoringit to its original form after the completion of the shaping operation, ahead for closing the other end of the mold, and means for simultaneouslysubjecting the interior of the receptacle and said head tofluid-pressure, substantially as described.

50. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with amold comprising a plurality of sections each section being composed of aplurality of abutting parts, of an abutment at one end of the mold,means for moving the parts of the sections outward at their line ofcontact, a head for the other end of the mold, and means forsimultaneously subjecting the interior of a receptacle and said head tofluid-pressure, substantially as described.

5l. The combination with a mold for shaping hollow metal articles, of anabutment at one end of the mold, a head at the other end of the moldsaid head having a bearing-surface against which the end of the articleto be shaped rests, a hydraulic chamber above the head, said chamberbeing `ot' greater area than the area of the bearing-surface, apressure-supply pipe, a branch from said pipe leading to the hydraulicchamber above the head and a branch from said pipe leading to theinterior ot' the article to be shaped, substantially as described.

52. The combination with a bilged mold for shaping hollow metalarticles, of an abutment at one end of the mold, a head at the other endof the mold said head having a bearingsurface against which the end ofthe article to be shaped rests, a hydraulic chamber above the head, saidchamber being of greater area than the area of the bearing-surface, apressure-supply pipe, a branch from said pipe leading to the hydraulicchamber above the head and a branch from said pipe leading to theinterior of the article to be shaped, substantially as described.

The combination with a mold comprising a series of sections adapted toreceive an outward movement, of an abutment at one end of the mold, ahead at the other end of the mold said head having a bearing-surfaceagainst which the end of the article to be shaped rests, a hydraulicchamber above the head, said chamber boing of greater area than the areaof the bearing-surface, a pressuresupply pipe, a branch from said pipeleading to the hydraulic chamber aboyethe head and a branch from saidpipe le'ii.dif.\. ,lt` to the interior of the article tobeshapedsubstantially as described.

54. The combination with a mold for shaping hollow metal articles saidmold comprising a plurality of sections each section being composed ofabutting parts, ot' means foirmoving the parts outward at their line ofcontact, an abutment at one end of the mold, a movable block at theother end of the mold said block having abearing-snrface against whichthe head of the article to be shaped restsand IOO a shoulder adapted tocome in contact-.with Y Y the ends of the mold-sections whereby theposition of the sections limits the inward movement of the block, andmeans for subjectingV the interior of the receptacle and the block todifferent degrees of duid-pressure, substantially as described.

55. The combination with a pair of seniicy-l lindrical bilged supportsmounted to permit an opening and a closing movement, of van abutment,means for moving the abutment into and out of position at one end of thesupports, a plurality of mold-sections carried Vby the supports each ofsaid sections comprising a plurality of abutting parts, screws connectedto said parts at their line of contact, suitable connections including aseries of rotating gears for operating the screws to move the sections,a movable block at the other end of the mold, said blockhavingabearingsurface which rests against the article to shaped and ashoulder adapted to rest against the ends of the parts of themold-sections,

means for subjecting the interior of the article to be shaped toduid-pressure, and means'- for causing the block to move inward untilvits shoulder strikes the end of the mold-sec-v tions, substantially asdescribed.

56. The combination with a pair of semicjylindrical blged supportsmounted to permit an opening and a closing movement,of an abutment,means for moving the abutment into and out of position at one end ofthesupports, a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports eachof said sections comprising a plurality of abutting parts, screwsconnected to said parts at their line of contact, suitable connectionsincluding a series of rotating gears for operating the screws to movethe sections, a movable block at the other end of the mold, said blockhaving a bearingsurface which rests against the article to be shaped anda shoulder adapted to rest against the ends of theparts of themold-sections, means forsubjecting the interior of the article to beshaped and the block to different degrees of fluid-pressure whereby thearticle is caused to assume the shape of the mold and the block to moveinward until its shoulder comes in contact with the mold-sections,substantially as described.

57. The combination with a pair of semicylindrical blged supportsmounted to permit an opening and a closing movement, of an abutment,means for moving the 'abutment into and out of position at one end ofthe supports, a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports eachof said sections comprising a plurality of abutting parts, screwsconnect-l ed to said parts at their line of contact, suitableconnections including a series of rotating gears for operating thescrews to move the sections, a movable block at the other end of themold, said blockhavinga bearingsnrface which rests against the articleto be shaped and a shoulder adapted to rest against the ends 'of theparts of the moldsections, means for simultaneously subjecting theinterior of the article to be shaped and the block to different degreesof fluid-pressure whereby the article isrcaused to assume the shape ofthe mold and the block to move inward until its shoulder comes incontact with the moldsections, substantially as described.

'In ltestimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand` in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

MARK L. DEERING.

vlitnesises: y

T. F. KEHoE, C. J. SAWYER.

